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Scrambled is a Medium Windows Active Directory machine. Enumerating the website hosted on the remote machine a potential attacker is able to deduce the credentials for the user ksimpson. On the website, it is also stated that NTLM authentication is disabled meaning that Kerberos authentication is to be used. Accessing the Public share with the credentials of ksimpson, a PDF file states that an attacker retrieved the credentials of an SQL database. This is a hint that there is an SQL service running on the remote machine. Enumerating the normal user accounts, it is found that the account SqlSvc has a Service Principal Name (SPN) associated with it. An attacker can use this information to perform an attack that is knows as kerberoasting and get the hash of SqlSvc. After cracking the hash and acquiring the credentials for the SqlSvc account an attacker can perform a silver ticket attack to forge a ticket and impersonate the user Administrator on the remote MSSQL service. Enumeration...

Cypher is a Linux Medium box that starts with a website hosting a .jar file. Once downloaded and decompiled you find amongst them a CustomFunctions.class java file. Using jd-gui we are able to look at the source code of the file. The code reveals a attack vector inside a string that executes a system command. Using Cypher Injection we are able to obtain a reverse shell that gets us on the box as neo4j. Once on the box we look around to find a .yml file containing credentials. Trying with the other user gets us a shell as graphasm. We ssh in for stability, and check what permissions we have with sudo -l that reveals we can run bbot with sudo. Looking into the github and the man pages. We can force run a config through a dry run and have it abort before executing. Doing this we can obtain the root.txt file. Initial Nmap12345678910111213PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION22/tcp open ssh syn-ack ttl 63 OpenSSH 9.6p1 Ubuntu 3ubuntu13.8 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)|...

Cascade is a medium Windows machine configured as a Domain Controller. LDAP anonymous binds are enabled, and enumeration yields the password for user r.thompson, which gives access to a TightVNC registry backup. The backup is decrypted to gain the password for s.smith. This user has access to a .NET executable, which after decompilation and source code analysis reveals the password for the ArkSvc account. This account belongs to the AD Recycle Bin group, and is able to view deleted Active Directory objects. One of the deleted user accounts is found to contain a hardcoded password, which can be reused to login as the primary domain administrator. Initial Nmap1234567891011121314151617181920PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION53/tcp open domain syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)| dns-nsid:|_ bind.version: Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39)88/tcp open kerberos-sec syn-ack ttl 127 Microsoft Windows Kerberos...

Backfield is a hard Windows machine featuring Windows and Active Directory misconfigurations. Anonymous / Guest access to an SMB share is used to enumerate users. The user is found to have Kerberos pre-authentication disabled, which allows us to conduct an ASREPRoasting attack. This allows us to retrieve a hash of the encrypted material contained in the AS-REP, which can be subjected to an offline brute force attack in order to recover the plaintext password. With this user we can access a SMB share containing forensics artifacts, including an lsass process dump. This contains a username and a password for a user with WinRM privileges, who is also a member of the Backup Operators group. The privileges conferred by this privileged group are used to dump the Active Directory database, and retrieve the hash of the primary domain administrator. Nmap1234567891011121314PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION53/tcp open domain syn-ack ttl 127 Simple DNS...